Hnub Ci Radiation: Hom, Khoom thiab Txhais

Hnub ci hluav taws xob: hom, yam ntxwv thiab txhais
Hnub ci hluav taws xob txhais lus: nws yog lub zog tawm los ntawm lub hnub nyob rau hauv qhov chaw interplanetary.

Thaum peb hais txog tus nqi ntawm lub hnub ci zog mus txog saum npoo ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb, peb siv irradiance thiab irradiation cov ntsiab lus.Hnub ci irradiation yog lub zog tau txais hauv ib cheeb tsam (J / m2), lub zog tau txais hauv lub sijhawm.Ib yam li ntawd, hnub ci irradiance yog lub zog tau txais hauv ib qho tam sim - nws tau qhia hauv watts ib square meter (W / m2)

Nuclear fusion tshwm sim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci nucleus thiab yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub hnub lub zog.Nuclear hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob electromagnetic ntawm ntau zaus lossis wavelengths.Electromagnetic hluav taws xob propagates nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub teeb ceev (299,792 km / s).
Hnub Ci Radiance Unveiled: Ib Txoj Kev mus rau Hom thiab Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm Hnub Ci Radiation
Ib tus nqi zoo ib yam yog lub hnub ci tas li;lub hnub ci tas li yog tus nqi hluav taws xob tau txais tam sim ntawm ib chav tsev nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub ntiaj teb huab cua hauv lub dav hlau perpendicular mus rau lub hnub ci rays.Qhov nruab nrab, tus nqi ntawm lub hnub ci tas li yog 1.366 W / m2.

Hom Solar Radiation
Hnub ci hluav taws xob yog tsim los ntawm hom hluav taws xob hauv qab no:

Infrared rays (IR): Infrared hluav taws xob muab cua sov thiab sawv cev rau 49% ntawm hnub ci hluav taws xob.
Visible rays (VI): sawv cev 43% ntawm hluav taws xob thiab muab lub teeb.
Ultraviolet rays (UV hluav taws xob): sawv cev 7%.
Lwm hom rays: sawv cev txog li 1% ntawm tag nrho.
Hom ntawm Ultraviolet Rays
Nyob rau hauv lem, ultraviolet (UV) rays yog subdivided rau hauv peb hom:

Ultraviolet A lossis UVA: Lawv yooj yim dhau los ntawm huab cua, mus txog tag nrho lub ntiaj teb saum npoo.
Ultraviolet B lossis UVB: luv wavelength.Muaj kev nyuaj dua dhau los ntawm huab cua.Yog li ntawd, lawv mus txog thaj tsam equatorial sai dua li ntawm qhov siab latitudes.
Ultraviolet C los yog UVC: luv wavelength.Lawv tsis dhau los ntawm huab cua.Hloov chaw, ozone txheej absorbs lawv.
Cov khoom ntawm hnub ci hluav taws xob
Tag nrho cov hnub ci hluav taws xob tau muab faib rau hauv qhov dav dav ntawm qhov tsis sib xws nrog lub suab nrov ntawm lub tswb, raws li qhov zoo ib yam ntawm cov spectrum ntawm lub cev dub uas lub hnub ci tau ua qauv.Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tsom rau ib zaus.

Qhov hluav taws xob siab tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv cov kab hluav taws xob lossis pom lub teeb nrog lub ncov ntawm 500 nm sab nraum lub ntiaj teb huab cua, uas sib haum rau cov xim cyan ntsuab.

Raws li Wien txoj cai, cov photosynthetically active radiation band oscillates ntawm 400 thiab 700 nm, sib raug rau pom hluav taws xob, thiab yog sib npaug rau 41% ntawm tag nrho cov hluav taws xob.Nyob rau hauv photosynthetically nquag hluav taws xob, muaj subbands nrog hluav taws xob:

xiav-violet (400-490 nm)
ntsuab (490-560 nm)
daj (560-590 nm)
txiv kab ntxwv-liab (590-700 nm)
Thaum hla cov huab cua, lub hnub ci hluav taws xob raug cuam tshuam, cuam tshuam, nqus, thiab diffusion los ntawm ntau yam atmospheric gases mus rau qhov sib txawv raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm zaus.

Lub ntiaj teb huab cua ua raws li cov lim dej.Sab nraud ntawm cov cua absorbs ib feem ntawm cov hluav taws xob, reflecting tus so ncaj qha mus rau sab nraud.Lwm cov khoom uas ua raws li cov lim dej yog cov pa roj carbon dioxide, huab cua, thiab dej vapor, uas qee zaum hloov mus rau hauv cov hluav taws xob tawg.

Peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias hnub ci hluav taws xob tsis zoo ib yam nyob txhua qhov chaw.Piv txwv li, cov cheeb tsam kub kub tau txais lub hnub ci hluav taws xob ntau tshaj plaws vim tias lub hnub lub rays yog ze li ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb.

Vim li cas Hnub Ci Radiation Yuav Tsum Tau?
Hnub ci zog yog lub zog tseem ceeb thiab, yog li ntawd, lub cav uas tsav peb ib puag ncig.Lub hnub ci zog uas peb tau txais los ntawm lub hnub ci hluav taws xob yog ncaj qha lossis ncaj qha rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem lom neeg xws li photosynthesis, kev saib xyuas lub ntiaj teb huab cua kub sib xws nrog lub neej, lossis cua.

Lub ntiaj teb lub hnub ci zog uas ncav cuag lub ntiaj teb saum npoo yog 10,000 npaug ntau dua li lub zog tam sim no siv los ntawm txhua tus tib neeg.

Hnub Ci Radiation cuam tshuam li cas rau kev noj qab haus huv?
Ultraviolet hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam rau tib neeg cov tawv nqaij nyob ntawm nws qhov kev siv thiab qhov ntev ntawm nws cov nthwv dej.

UVA hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua rau tawv nqaij laus ntxov thiab mob qog noj ntshav.Nws kuj tuaj yeem ua rau qhov muag thiab lub cev tsis muaj zog.

UVB hluav taws xob ua rau tshav kub hnyiab, tsaus nti, thickening ntawm txheej txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij, melanoma, thiab lwm yam kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij.Nws kuj tuaj yeem ua rau qhov muag thiab lub cev tsis muaj zog.

Cov txheej ozone tiv thaiv feem ntau ntawm UVC hluav taws xob los ntawm lub ntiaj teb.Hauv kev kho mob, UVC hluav taws xob kuj tuaj yeem los ntawm qee lub teeb lossis lub teeb laser thiab siv los tua cov kab mob lossis pab kho qhov txhab.Nws kuj yog siv los kho tej yam mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij xws li psoriasis, vitiligo, thiab nodules ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas ua rau cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Sau: Oriol Planas – Industrial Technical Engineer